The Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO), India’s space agency, was established in 1969 to develop an independent Indian space program. Its headquarters are in Bengaluru (formerly Bangalore).
The Chairman of ISRO is the President, who is also the Chairman of the Space Commission of the Government of India and the Secretary of the Department of Space.
The Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) operates through a network of countries. Sensors and payloads are manufactured at the Space Applications Center in Ahmedabad. These satellites are designed, manufactured, assembled and tested at the U R Rao Satellite Center (formerly ISRO Satellite Centre) in Bangalore.
The launch vehicle is being manufactured at the Vikram Sarabhai Space Center in Thiruvananthapuram. The launch is taking place at the Satish Dhawan Space Center on the island of Sriharikota, near Chennai. The main administrative center for maintaining geostationary satellites is located in Hassan and Bhopal.
The data acquisition and remote sensing center is located at the National Center for Remote Sensing in Hyderabad. ISRO’s commercial arm is Antrix Corporation, which is headquartered in Bangalore.
ISRO’s first satellite, Aryabhata, was launched by the Soviet Union on April 19, 1975. Rohini, the first satellite put into orbit by an Indian-made Satellite Launch Vehicle 3, was launched on July 18, 1980. ISRO has launched several space systems, including the Indian National Satellite System (INSAT) for.
Communications, television broadcasting, meteorology and disaster warning and Indian Remote Sensing Satellites (IRS) for monitoring and managing infrastructure. INSAT was first launched in 1988 and the program expanded to include a geosynchronous satellite called GSAT.
The first IRS satellite was launched in 1988, and the program has launched a number of unique satellites, including Satellite Imaging Radar-1 (RISAT-1, launched in 2012) and Satellite Argos and Altika (SARAL, launched in 2013). a joint Indo-French mission that measures the height of ocean waves.
ISRO then developed three more rockets: Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) to put satellites into polar orbit, Geostationary Space Launch Vehicle (GSLV) to put satellites into geostationary orbit, and a heavier version of GSLV called LVM3. These rockets launched communications satellites and Earth observation satellites as well as missions to the Moon (Chandrayaan-1, 2008; Chandrayaan-2, 2019) and Mars (Mars Orbiter Mission, 2013). ISRO plans to put astronauts on the Gaganyaan spacecraft in orbit in 2024.
Every technology and its industry has a time in the past when it didn’t exist. Like ISRO, there was no such thing as a space agency in India before 1962. When the astronauts of the Soviet Union and the United States were in the experimental stage, Dr. Vikram Sarabhai understood the importance of space technology in India.
Under the supervision of the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) and scientist Vikram Sarabhai, India established its first space agency “Indian National Committee for Space Research” (INCOSPAR) in 1962. The company’s mission is to establish space technology for national development, including space exploration and space science research.
In 1963, Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station (TERLS) was established at Thumba near Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala. On November 21, 1963, India launched its first sounding rocket from TERLS. This rocket was imported from Russia (M-100). And this is how India started its journey for space exploration.
Sounding rockets sometimes called search rockets are small in size and use low maneuverability to scan high-altitude areas of the atmosphere.
In 1965, INCOSPAR began manufacturing sounding rockets for India. They took out many Indian made rockets and gained experience in this technology.
On August 15, 1969, Independence Day, INCOSPAR (Indian National Committee for Space Research) changed its name to ISRO (Indian Space Research Organization).
ISRO developed its first satellite “Aryabhata” after Indian mathematician and astronomer Aryabhata. On April 19, 1975, ISRO launched its first Aryabhat satellite with the help of a Russian-made Kosmos-3M (C-1 Intercosmos) vehicle at Kapustin Yar, Russia. The satellite is only an experimental 360 satellite. On June 7, 1979, the first test satellite Bhaskara-I was launched, at the same site at Kapustin Yar Russia with one C-1 Intercosmos launcher.
India started manufacturing its own launch vehicles and developed the first Satellite Launch Vehicle (SLV) in 1979. They launched their first SLV-3 rocket on August 10, 1979, carrying the “Rohini Technology Payload (RTP)” satellite.
This ISRO mission was inconclusive. After the first successful launch of SLV-3 took place on July 18, 1980 with the satellite Rohini RS-1.
After that, with the help of SLV-3 vehicle, ISRO launched two Rohini satellite series: Rohini Satellite RS-D1 on May 31, 1981 and Rohini Satellite RS-D2 on April 18, 1983. These satellites are designed for earth observation purposes.
On July 19, 1981, they launched APPLE (Ariane Passenger Payload Experiment) with the help of Ariane-1 (V-3). APPLE is India’s first geostationary communications satellite. On November 20, 1981, they launched the Experimental Remote Sensing Bhaskara II aboard the C-1 Intercosmos launch vehicle.
After the above mentioned news of ISRO mission, they started to build INSAT (Indian National Satellite System) satellite system. On April 10, 1982, ISRO launched INSAT-1A satellite with the help of Delta spacecraft.
The mission failed because the altitude controller burned out in orbit. After that, several INSAT satellites were successfully launched using different launch vehicles. These satellites are:
INSAT-1B (August 30, 1983), NSAT-1C (July 22, 1988), INSAT-1D (June 12, 1990), INSAT-2A (July 10, 1992), INSAT-2B (July 23, 1993), INSAT-2C (07 December 1995), INSAT-2D (04 June 1997), INSAT-2E (03 April 1999), INSAT-3B (22 March 2000), INSAT-3C (24 January 2002), INSAT-3A (10 ). April 2003), INSAT-3E (September 28, 2003), INSAT-4A (December 22, 2005), INSAT-4C (July 10, 2006), INSAT-4B (March 12, 2007), INSAT-4CR (September 02 ). , 2007).
INSAT series satellites are multi-purpose geostationary satellites, which help in many areas like communication, broadcasting, meteorology and search and rescue needs of India.
The Indian Space Research Organization, or ISRO, was established on August 15, 1969; Sriharikota in Andhra Pradesh has been selected as the rocket launch site. The space program operated on a shoestring budget and soon launched India’s first satellite. On April 19, 1975, the Russian SL-8 put Aryabhatta into orbit.
After five years in 1980, India successfully launched its first satellite – Rohini 1B launched on July 18, 1980 from Sriharikota. As the space program progressed rapidly, in 1984, a 35-year-old Indian Air Force pilot, Squadron Leader Rakesh Sharma became the first Indian to enter space.
While ISRO was working on a satellite launch vehicle that would put useful satellites into polar orbit, the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle or PSLV made its first successful launch in 1994. Since then, PSLV has been India’s launch vehicle.
India launched the GSLV geosynchronous satellite launch vehicle in 2001, which can launch satellites weighing up to 2.5 tonnes. Abdul Kalam is the chairman of ISRO. Today, we are all thankful for our scientists. India’s space program has come a long way from humble sounding rockets to being among the top sports organizations that even launch commercial satellites.
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